A royalty negotiation model for BOT (build-operate-transfer) projects: The operational revenue-based model

Whilst few studies have explored royalty negotiations for build, operate and transfer (BOT) projects, some works have proposed numerous royalty formulas to evaluate royalty amounts or franchise fees for a BOT project. Despite this, the royalty negotiation process is one of the many critical negotiation items of a concession contract. This study not only developed a royalty negotiation model for BOT projects, but also developed the iterative algorithm for the BLP problem for the government and the private sector. In addition, the factors incorporated into the iterative algorithm for the BLP problem include the concession rate, learning rate, and the time value discount rate for both parties. Moreover, this paper conducted a case study of the Taipei Port Container Logistic BOT Project using LINGO and MATLAB programming. The results show that the two parties involved completed royalty negotiation at the sixth negotiation. The objective function value for lower-level programmingwas 1.062 and the government finance recovery rate for higher-level programmingwas 11.832. The findings show that the government can receive the royalty,which is calculated byusing 0.012%of the operating revenue of this BOTproject, from the concessionaire. Therefore, the royalty negotiation model based on the operating revenue developed herein; could be employed to explain the negotiation behavior. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.